Nyota Inyoka created around 50 compositions combining Theatre, Dance and Music relating to India, between 1921 and her final performances in the 1950s. From the very beginning of her international career, she performed in the most prestigious theatres of the time, mainly in France, in Europe and in America. Nyota Inyoka was a pioneer in many respects. She was the first Franco-Indian woman artist in Indian modern dance, but was no doubt overshadowed by the first modern Indian dancer Uday Shankar. Nyota Inyoka was the first feminist Indian dancer to draw inspiration from Hinduism, as her innovation came through the medium of figures of goddesses. Historians have largely ignored this pioneer, certainly due to the fact that she is unclassifiable. Her work was shut into the category of oriental dance, with its presumptions related to the history and imaginary of colonialism, which press coverage of her performances was eager to highlight. Yet Nyota Inyoka was extremely close to the India of her time. But the exceptional nature of Nyota Inyoka’s work goes even further. She was the first in France to interpretate on a western stage the difficult portion of the most ancient Sanskrit dance treatise, encompassing the 108 karaṇa, an alphabet of poses and steps, for which so many Indian dance styles offer an interpretation. She did this particularly at the time of the reinvention of temple dances of southern India starting in the 1930s.

Starting in 2018 at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, a symposium with a research-creation next to Inyoka’s archives, include an interpretation of Nyota Inyoka’ Dances by contemporary women artists and researchers, to reconsider the complex history of modern dance and classical Indian dance together.

Katia Légeret is a researcher and Professor of Philosophy and Performing Arts at University Paris 8, where she leads the research team Scènes du monde [world stages]. Director and choreographer, she is a Bharata Natyam artist under the name Manochhaya, and a specialist in Indian classical and contemporary forms of dance theatre.

The 108 karaṇa make up the oldest Indian alphabet of movements to dance, theatre, sculpture and music codified in the Nāṭyaśāstra. Their oral transmission is extremely rare, and the author of the present publication nourished her theoretical research with the instruction in Bharata-nam that she received firstly in Paris from Amala Devi, in Chennai from Swarnamukhi, State Dancer of Tamil Nadu, and subsequently, over a period of thirty years, from Natyacharya K. Muralidhar Rao, in Mysore (Karnataka). Interpretations of karaṇa poses and steps from the Nāṭyaśāstra are countless and creative, and they inspire contemporary artists.

In 2022 the author made a film on the teaching of Natyacharya K. Muralidhar Rao, which is freely accessible to readers of this book: Bharatanatyam Dance Theatre: DANCING OF THE HEART, with support from Labex Arts-H2H/EUR ArTec (Paris 8 and UPL University).

Katia Légeret is a researcher and Professor of Philosophy and Performing Arts Aesthetics at University Paris 8, where she leads the research team Scènes du monde [world stages]. Director and choreographer, she is a bharata-nāṭyam artist under the name Manochhaya, and a specialist in traditional and contemporary Indian forms of dance theatre. She is the author, in particular, of Danse Contemporaine Indienne et Théâtre Indien: Un Nouvel Art? (PUV, 2010) and Dance Theatre of India, Crossing New Aesthetics and Cultures (Niyogi Books, 2018), and has edited collective works including Rodin and the Dance of Shiva (Niyogi Books, 2016), Créons au Musée (Geuthner, 2019) and French-Indian dancer Nyota-Inyoka (1896-1971) The Genius and the Dance (Geuthner, 2022). The latter relates to an international research project (Labex Arts-H2H and EUR ArTeC) involving partnerships in Paris with RMN-Grand Palais, the Musée National des Arts Asiatiques-Guimet and the Bibliothèque nationale de France.